Glossary


Adjusted Gross Income (AGI): An interim calculation in the computation of income tax liability. It is computed by subtracting certain allowable adjustments from gross income.
調整後總收入(AGI): 用於計算所得稅的一種臨時方法。其計算方法是從總收入中減去允許的調整額。
Administrator: A person appointed by the court to settle an estate when there is no will.
遺產管理人: 在未立遺囑的情形下，由法院委任以處理遺產事務的人士。
After-Tax Return: The return from an investment after the effects of taxes have been taken into account.
稅後報酬: 指除稅後的投資報酬。
Aggressive Growth Fund: A mutual fund whose primary investment objective is substantial capital gains.
積極成長型基金: 指一種以獲得高額資本利得為主要投資目標的共同基金。
Alternative Minimum Tax: A method of calculating income tax that disallows certain deductions, credits, and exclusions. This was intended to ensure that individuals, trusts, and estates that benefit from tax preferences do not escape all federal income tax liability. People must calculate their taxes both ways and pay the greater of the two.
最低稅負制: 一種不允許某些扣除額、抵稅額和免稅額的所得稅計算方法。其目的是防止享有稅務優惠的個人、信託和遺產免繳全部聯邦所得稅。納稅者必須按兩種方法計算其稅額，以其中較高者為準。
Annuity: An insurance-based contract that provides future payments at regular intervals in exchange for current premiums. Annuity contracts are usually purchased from banks, credit unions, brokerage firms, or insurance companies. Any guarantees are contingent on the claims-paying ability of the issuing company.
年金: 一種基於保險的合約，在繳納當期保費的前提下，此合約可在將來定期支付款項。年金合約通常向銀行、信貸協會、經紀公司或保險公司購買。
Asset: Anything owned that has monetary value.
資產: 任何具有貨幣價值的財產。
Asset Allocation: The process of repositioning assets in a portfolio to maximize potential return for a particular level of risk. This process is usually done using the historical performance of the asset classes within sophisticated mathematical models. Asset allocation does not eliminate or guarantee against the risk of investment loss; it is a method used to help manage investment risk.
資產配置: 對投資組合內的資產施以調整的過程，從而在既定風險等級下，實現最大報酬。這個過程通常使用精密的數學模型，根據資產類別的過往表現來完成。
Asset Class: A category of investments with similar characteristics.
資產類別: 特徵相似的一類投資。
Audit: The examination of the accounting and financial documents of a firm by an objective professional. The audit is done to determine the records' accuracy, consistency, and conformity to legal and accounting principles.
審計: 對公司會計和財務文件的檢查，由客觀的專業人士執行。審計旨在判定記錄是否準確、一致以及是否符合法律和會計準則。

Balanced Mutual Fund: A mutual fund whose objective is a balance of stocks and bonds. Balanced funds tend to be less volatile than stock-only funds.
平衡型共同基金: 一種以實現股票與債券平衡為目標的共同基金。此等基金的波動性往往小於專門投資於股票的基金。
Bear Market: When the stock market appears to be declining overall, it is said to be a bear market.
空頭市場: 股市整體表現下跌時，稱為空頭市場。
Beneficiary: A person named in a life insurance policy, annuity, will, trust, or other agreement to receive a financial benefit upon the death of the owner. A beneficiary can be an individual, company, organization, and so on.
受益人: 人壽保單、年金、遺囑、信託或其他協議指定在擁有人身故時享有財務利益的人士。受益人可以是個人、公司、組織等。
Blue Chip Stock: The common stock of a company with a long history of profitability and consistent dividend payments.
績優股: 長期盈利並持續支付股息的公司普通股。
Bond: A bond is evidence of a debt in which the issuer promises to pay the bondholders a specified amount of interest and to repay the principal at maturity. Bonds are usually issued in multiples of $1,000.
債券: 債券是一種債務憑證，發行人承諾向債券持有人支付指定的利息額，並在債券到期時償還本金。債券通常按1,000美元的倍數發行。
Book Value: The net value of a company's assets, less its liabilities and the liquidation price of its preferred issues. The net asset value divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding equals the book value per share, which may be higher or lower than the stock's market value.
帳面值: 指扣除負債及優先股的清算價格之後的公司資產淨值。該資產淨值除以已發行的普通股數目即等於每股帳面值，帳面值可能高於或低於股票的市值。
Bull Market: When the stock market appears to be advancing overall, it is said to be a bull market.
多頭市場: 股市整體表現上升時，稱為多頭市場。
Buy-Sell Agreement: A buy-sell agreement is an arrangement between two or more parties that obligates one party to buy the business and another party to sell the business upon the death, disability, or retirement of one of the owners.
買賣協議: 買賣協議是雙方或多方間達成的一種安排，根據該安排，在企業擁有人之一身故、失能或退休時，其中一方必須收購企業，而另一方必須出售企業。

Capital Gain or Loss: The difference between the sales price and the purchase price of a capital asset. When that difference is positive, the difference is referred to as a capital gain. When the difference is negative, it is a capital loss.
資本利得或虧損: 指資本資產的銷售價格與購買價格之間的差數。若差數為正數，則該差數稱為資本利得。若差數為負數，則稱為資本虧損。
Cash Equivalents: Short-term investments, such as U.S. Treasury securities, certificates of deposit, and money market fund shares, that can be readily converted into cash.
約當現金: 指可隨時轉換為現金的短期投資，例如美國國庫券、存單以及貨幣市場基金股份。
Cash Surrender Value: The amount that an insurance policyholder is entitled to receive when he or she discontinues coverage. Policyholders are usually able to borrow against the surrender value of a policy from the insurance company. Policy loans that are not repaid will reduce the policy's death benefit and cash value by the amount of any outstanding loan balance plus interest.
解約金: 保險的保單持有人在其停止保障時有權獲得的資金。通常，保單持有人可用保單的解約金為擔保，向保險公司貸款。若保單人持有人未償還貸款，則保單的死亡理賠金將減少。
CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER^® Practitioner: A credential granted by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc. (Denver, CO) to individuals who complete a comprehensive curriculum in financial planning and ethics. CFP^®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER^® and federally registered CFP (with flame logo)^® are certification marks owned by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards. These marks are awarded to individuals who successfully complete the CFP Board's initial and ongoing certification.
持照理財規劃師^®執業者: 指持照理財規劃劃師標準委員會（Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc.，科羅拉多州丹佛市）向修完理財規劃與職業道德綜合課程的個人頒發的證照。
CFP^®、持照理財規劃師(CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER)^®及聯邦註冊CFP（有焰形標識）^®均是持照理財規劃劃師標準委員會擁有的證書標誌。凡成功修完CFP委員會初步及後續認證課程的個人均可獲得此類標誌。
Certified Public Accountant (CPA): A professional license granted by a state board of accountancy to an individual who has passed the Uniform CPA Examination (administered by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) and has fulfilled that state's educational and professional experience requirements for certification.
持照會計師(CPA): 由州會計委員會向個人核發的職業許可證，獲得者必須通過統一會計師考試（由美國會計師協會主持），並符合州教育及職業經驗的認證要求。
Charitable Lead Trust: A trust established for the benefit of a charitable organization under which the charitable organization receives income from an asset for a set number of years or for the trustor's lifetime. Upon the termination of the trust, the asset reverts to the trustor or to his or her designated heirs. This type of trust can reduce estate taxes and allows the trustor's heirs to retain control of the assets.
慈善導向信託: 以慈善組織為受益人而建立的信託，根據該信託，慈善組織可在指定年數內或信託人在世期間從信託人的資產中領取收入。信託終止時，資產將歸還給信託人或其指定的繼承人。這種信託可減少遺產稅，並允許信託人的繼承人保有對資產的控制權。
Charitable Remainder Trust: A trust established for the benefit of a charitable organization under which the trustor receives income from an asset for a set number of years or for the trustor's lifetime. Upon the termination of the trust, the asset reverts to the charitable organization. The trustor receives a charitable contribution deduction in the year in which the trust is established, and any gains on assets placed in the trust are exempt from capital gains tax.
餘財慈善信託: 以慈善組織為受益人而建立的信託，根據該信託，信託人可在指定年數內或信託人在世期間從資產中領取收入。信託終止時，資產將歸慈善組織所有。於信託有效期間，信託人享有慈善捐助扣除額，且信託資產可免繳資本利得稅。
Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC): A professional financial planning designation granted by The American College (Bryn Mawr, PA) to individuals who complete a comprehensive curriculum in financial planning. Prerequisites include passing a series of written examinations, meeting specified experience requirements and maintaining ethical standards. The curriculum encompasses wealth accumulation, risk management, income taxation, planning for retirement needs, investments, estate and succession planning.
特許理財顧問(ChFC): 美國學院（American College，賓州Bryn Mawr市）向個人頒發的專業理財頭銜，獲得者必須修完有關理財的綜合課程。取得該頭銜的條件包括：通過一系列書面考試、符合指定的資歷要求以及遵守職業道德標準。其課程包括財富累積、風險管理、所得稅、退休需求規劃、投資、遺產和繼承規劃。
Chartered Life Underwriter (CLU): A professional designation granted by The American College to individuals who complete a comprehensive curriculum focused primarily on risk management. Prerequisites include passing a series of written examinations, meeting specified experience requirements, and maintaining ethical standards. The curriculum encompasses insurance and financial planning, income taxation, individual life insurance, life insurance law, estate and succession planning, and planning for business owners and professionals.
特許人壽核保師(CLU): 美國學院向個人頒發的專業頭銜，獲得者必須修完以風險管理為主的綜合課程。取得該頭銜的條件包括：通過一系列書面考試、符合指定的資歷要求以及遵守職業道德標準。其課程包括保險與理財、所得稅、個人壽險、壽險法律、遺產和繼承規劃以及企業東主和專業人士規劃。
COBRA: The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act is a federal law requiring employers with more than 20 employees to offer terminated or retired employees the opportunity to continue their health insurance coverage for 18 months at the employee's expense. Coverage may be extended to the employee's dependents for 36 months in the case of divorce or death of the employee.
COBRA: 指「統一綜合預算調節法案」，根據此項聯邦法律，僱員超過20人的僱主必須允許已離職或退休的僱員繼續享有其健康保險保障，為期18個月，費用由僱員自理。若僱員離婚或去世，受僱員贍養者可繼續享受該項保障，為期36個月。
COBRA: The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act is a federal law requiring employers with more than 20 employees to offer terminated or retired employees the opportunity to continue their health insurance coverage for 18 months at the employee's expense. Coverage may be extended to the employee's dependents for 36 months in the case of divorce or death of the employee.
COBRA: The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act is a federal law requiring employers with more than 20 employees to offer terminated or retired employees the opportunity to continue their health insurance coverage for 18 months at the employee's expense. Coverage may be extended to the employee's dependents for 36 months in the case of divorce or death of the employee.
Coinsurance or Co-Payment: The amount an insured person must pay for a covered medical and/or dental expense if his or her insurance doesn't provide 100 percent coverage.
共同保險或部份負擔: 當受保人的保險不能提供100%保障時，受保人必須支付受保障的部份醫療費用和/或牙科費用金額。
Commodities: The generic term for goods such as grains, foodstuffs, livestock, oils, and metals which are traded on national exchanges. These exchanges deal in both "spot" trading (for current delivery) and "futures" trading (for delivery in future months).
大宗商品: 對穀物、食料、畜類、油和金屬等貨物的總稱，此類貨物在全國範圍內交易。此類貨物可作為「現貨」交易（當期交付），亦可作為「期貨」交易（將來交付）。
Common Stock: A unit of ownership in a corporation. Common stockholders participate in the corporation's profits or losses by receiving dividends and by capital gains or losses in the stock's share price.
普通股: 指公司所有權的一種單位。普通股股東分擔公司的盈虧，可領取股息，並承擔股票價格漲跌所造成的資本利得或虧損。
Community Property: State laws vary, but generally all property acquired during a marriage -- excluding property one spouse receives from a will, inheritance, or gift -- is considered community property, and each partner is entitled to one half. This includes debt accumulated. There are currently nine community property states: Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
共有財產: 各州法律的規定各異，但一般而言，夫妻婚內購置的所有財產均可視為共有財產（不包括一方配偶依遺囑、繼承權或贈與而取得的財產），各方均有一半產權。這也包括累積的債務。目前有九個州實施共同財產制：亞歷桑納州、加利福尼亞州、愛達荷州、路易斯安納州、內華達州、新墨西哥州、德克薩斯州、華盛頓州和威斯康辛州。
Compound Interest: Interest that is computed on the principal and on the accrued interest. Compound interest may be computed continuously, daily, monthly, quarterly, semiannually, or annually.
複利: 按本金及應計利息計算的利息。複利可持續計算，亦可按日、月、季度、半年或年計算。
Consumer Price Index: The U.S. Department of Labor's main indicator of inflation. The Consumer Price Index is calculated each month from the cost of some 400 retail items in urban areas throughout the United States.
消費者物價指數: 這是美國勞工部關於通貨膨脹的主要指針。消費者物價指數根據全美城市地區400種零售商品的成本每月計算。

Deduction: An amount that can be subtracted from gross income, from a gross estate, or from a gift, thereby lowering the amount on which tax is assessed.
扣除額: 可從收入總額、遺產總額或贈與財產中扣除的金額，藉以減少應納稅額。
Defined Benefit Plan: A qualified retirement plan under which a retiring employee will receive a guaranteed retirement fund, usually payable in installments. Annual contributions may be made to the plan by the employer at the level needed to fund the benefit. The annual contributions are limited to a specified amount, indexed to inflation.
確定給付制: 指一種合格的退休計劃。根據該計劃，退休僱員可領取有保證的退休金，通常分期支付。僱主每年可視僱員福利所需資金額，向該計劃繳款。年繳款額不可超過限定金額，視通貨膨脹予以調整。
Defined Contribution Plan: A retirement plan under which the annual contributions made by the employer or employee are generally stated as a fixed percentage of the employee's compensation or company profits. The amount of retirement benefits is not guaranteed; rather, it depends upon the investment performance of the employee's account.
確定提撥制: 指一種退休計劃。根據該計劃，僱主或僱員的年繳款額一般按僱員薪金或公司贏利的固定百份比計。此計劃的退休福利金額無保證，其金額取決於僱員帳戶的投資表現。
Diversification: Investing in different companies, industries, or asset classes in an attempt to limit overall risk. Of course, diversification cannot eliminate or guarantee against the risk of investment losses; it is a method used to help manage investment risk. Diversification may also mean the participation of a large corporation in a wide range of business activities.
分散投資: 投資於不同的公司、行業或資產類別。分散投資也可指大型公司廣泛參與各種業務活動。
Dividend: A pro rata portion of earnings usually distributed in cash by a corporation to its stockholders. In preferred stock, dividends are usually fixed; with common shares, dividends may vary with the fortunes of the company.
股息: 指公司以現金形式，按比例向股東分配的盈餘。就優先股而言，股息通常固定；就普通股而言，股息視公司業績而異。
Dollar Cost Averaging: A system of investing in which the investor buys a fixed dollar amount of securities at regular intervals. The investor thus buys more shares when the price is low and fewer shares when the price rises, and the average cost per share is lower than the average price per share. Dollar cost averaging does not ensure a profit or prevent a loss. Such plans involve continuous investments in securities regardless of fluctuating prices. You should consider your financial ability to continue making purchases during periods of low and high price levels. However, this can be an effective way for investors to accumulate shares to help meet long-term goals.
定時定額投資法: 指一種投資方法，投資者定期購買固定金額的證券。這樣，投資者在股價較低時買進的股份較多，而股價上漲時買進的股份較少，使每股的平均成本低於每股的平均價格。在跌市期間，這種策略不能防止虧損，並且無論股價是否波動，投資者均需要持續投資。

Efficient Frontier: A statistical result from the analysis of the risk and return for a given set of assets that indicates the balance of assets that may, under certain assumptions, achieve the best return for a given level of risk.
效率前緣: 根據對既定資產的風險與報酬的分析得出的統計結果，此結果根據若干假設，列出在既定風險等級下可能取得最佳報酬的資產組合。
Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plan: A tax-favored retirement plan that is sponsored by an employer. Among the more common employer-sponsored retirement plans are 401(k) plans, 403(b) plans, simplified employee pension plans, and profit-sharing plans.
僱主資助退休計劃: 這是一種由僱主資助的退休計劃，享有稅務優惠。較常見的僱主資助退休計劃包括401(k)計劃、403(b)計劃、簡化僱員退休金計劃以及贏利共享計劃。
Equity: The value of a person's ownership in real property or securities; the market value of a property or business, less all claims and liens against it.
淨值: 個人房地產或證券產權價值；地產或企業在扣除所有權利主張和留置權後的市值。
ERISA: The Employee Retirement Income Security Act is a federal law covering all aspects of employee retirement plans. If employers provide plans, they must be adequately funded and provide for vesting, survivor's rights, and disclosures.
ERISA: The Employee Retirement Income Security Act is a federal law covering all aspects of employee retirement plans. If employers provide plans, they must be adequately funded and provide for vesting, survivor's rights, and disclosures.
ESOP (employee stock ownership plan): A defined contribution retirement plan in which company contributions must be invested primarily in qualifying employer securities.
僱員持股計劃（employee stock ownership plan, ESOP）: 這是一種固定繳款的退休計劃，根據該計劃，公司繳款必須主要投資於合格的僱主證券。
Estate Conservation: Activities coordinated to provide for the orderly and cost-effective distribution of an individual's assets at the time of his or her death. Estate conservation often includes the use of wills and trusts.
遺產保值: 指對個人資產的各種協調活動，以便在個人身故時，以有序及節錢的方式對其資產實施分配。遺產保值通常包括遺囑和信託。
Estate Tax: Upon the death of a decedent, federal and state governments impose taxes on the value of the estate left to others (with limitations).
遺產稅: 指死者去世時，聯邦政府和州政府根據死者留給他人的遺產價值徵稅（有限制）。
Executive Bonus Plan: The employer pays for a benefit that is owned by the executive. The bonus could take the form of cash, automobiles, life insurance, or other items of value to the executive.
高階管理者獎勵計劃: 指僱主代高階管理者購買某項福利。此種獎勵可以是現金、汽車、壽險或對高階管理者有用的其他物品。
Executor: A person named by the probate courts or the will to carry out the directions and requests of the decedent.
遺囑執行人: 由遺囑檢驗法院或遺囑指定執行死者指示和請求的人士。

Fixed Income: Income from investments, such as CDs, Social Security benefits, pension benefits, some annuities, or most bonds, that is the same every month.
固定收益: 存單、社會安全福利、退休金福利、某些年金以及大多數每月金額固定的債券等投資產生的收入。
401(k) Plan: A defined contribution plan that may be established by a company for retirement. Employees may allocate a portion of their salaries into this plan, and contributions are excluded from their income for tax purposes (with limitations). Contributions and earnings will compound tax deferred. Withdrawals from a 401(k) plan are taxed as ordinary income, and may be subject to an additional 10 percent federal tax penalty if withdrawn prior to age 59½.
401(k)計劃: 指一種可由公司設立的固定繳款退休計劃。僱員可將其部份薪資撥入此計劃，且繳款之金額不需要繳納所得稅（有限制）。繳款和收入將複合延稅。若從401(k)計劃提領資金，則按普通收入課稅。若在59 ½歲之前提領，還可能需另交10%的聯邦稅務罰款。
403(b) Plan: A defined contribution plan that may be established by a nonprofit organization or school for retirement. Employees may allocate a portion of their salaries into this plan, and contributions are excluded from their income for tax purposes (with limitations). Contributions and earnings will compound tax deferred. Withdrawals from a 403(b) plan are taxed as ordinary income, and may be subject to an additional 10 percent federal tax penalty if withdrawn prior to age 59½.
403(b)計劃: 指一種可由非營利組織或學校設立的固定繳款退休計劃。僱員可將其部份薪資撥入此計劃，且繳款之金額不需要繳納所得稅（有限制）。繳款和收入將複合延稅。若從403(b)計劃提領資金，則按普通收入課稅。若在59 ½歲之前提領，還可能需另交10%的聯邦稅務罰款。
Fundamental Analysis: An approach to the stock market in which specific factors - such as the price-to-earnings ratio, yield, or return on equity - are used to determine what stock may be favorable for investment.
基本面分析: 一種股市分析方法，利用特定因素（例如本益比、收益率或淨值報酬率）判定哪隻股票適合投資。

Gift Taxes: A federal tax levied on the transfer of property as a gift. This tax is paid by the donor. In 2009, the first $13,000 a year from a donor to each recipient is exempt from tax. Most states also impose a gift tax. The gift tax exemption is indexed for inflation.
贈與稅: 對以贈與方式轉讓的財產徵收的聯邦稅。此稅項由贈與人支付。贈與人在一年內贈與每名受贈人的首筆11,000美元可免稅。大多數州也徵收贈與稅。贈與稅免稅額每年根據通貨膨脹情況調整。

Holographic Will: A will entirely in the handwriting of the testator. Without witnesses, holographic wills are valid and enforceable only in some states.
親筆遺囑: 完全由遺囑人手寫的遺囑。若無見證人，親筆遺囑只在某些州有效和可以執行。

Individual Retirement Account (IRA): Contributions to a traditional IRA are deductible from earned income in the calculation of federal and state income taxes if the taxpayer meets certain requirements. The earnings accumulate tax deferred until withdrawn, and then the entire withdrawal is taxed as ordinary income. Individuals not eligible to make deductible contributions may make nondeductible contributions, the earnings on which would be tax deferred.
個人退休帳戶(IRA): 若納稅者符合若干要求，則在計算聯邦和州所得稅時，可從所得收入中扣除傳統個人退休帳戶的繳款金額。繳款收入可累積延稅，直至提領，然後按普通收入課稅。若繳款不符合扣除要求，個人可做出無扣除額的繳款，其收入亦可延稅。
Inflation: An increase in the price of products and services over time. The government's main measure of inflation is the Consumer Price Index.
通貨膨脹: 指產品和服務價格隨時間而上漲。政府衡量通貨膨脹的主要尺度是消費者物價指數。
Intestate: A person who dies without leaving a valid will. State law then determines who inherits the property or serves as guardian for any minor children.
無遺囑繼承: 指死者去世後，其遺產沒有有效遺囑的情形。然後根據州法律判定由誰繼承財產或擔任未成年者的監護人。
Investment Category: A broad class of assets with similar characteristics. The five investment categories include cash equivalents, fixed principal, equity, debt, and tangibles.
投資類別: 特徵相似的一類資產。投資類別共分五種，包括約當現金、固定本金、淨值、債務和有形資產。
Irrevocable Trust: A trust that may not be modified or terminated by the trustor after its creation.
不可撤銷信託: 指設立之後不能由信託人修改或終止的信託。

Joint and Survivor Annuity: Most pension plans must offer this form of pension plan payout that pays over the life of the retiree and his or her spouse after the retiree dies. The retiree and his or her spouse must specifically choose not to accept this payment form.
連生生存年金: 大多數退休金計劃都必須提供這種形式的退休金付款，於退休者在世期間支付，退休者去世後，則支付給其配偶。若不想採取這種支付方式，退休者及其配偶必須做出明確選擇。
Joint Tenancy: Co-ownership of property by two or more people in which the survivor(s) automatically assumes ownership of a decedent's interest.
聯權共有制: 指兩名或多名人士共同擁有某項財產，當一名產權人去世時，生存者可自動繼承其權益。
Jointly Held Property: Property owned by two or more persons under joint tenancy, tenancy in common, or, in some states, community property.
共同保有財產: 指兩名或多名人士根據聯權共有制、分權共有制或共有財產制（僅在某些州適用）擁有的財產。

Keogh Plan: This retirement plan, named for Eugene Keogh, is designed for self-employed individuals. The contribution amount is indexed annually for inflation.
基歐(Keogh)計劃: 這種退休計劃以尤金·基歐(Eugene Keogh)命名，適用於自僱業者。根據該計劃，自僱業者的應稅薪酬中最高可扣除40,000美元的自營收入，並存入此計劃。

Liability: Any claim against the assets of a person or corporation: accounts payable, wages, and salaries payable, dividends declared payable, accrued taxes payable, and fixed or long-term obligations such as mortgages, debentures, and bank loans.
負債: 對個人或公司下列資產的權利主張：應付帳款、應付工資及薪資、應付股息、應付計提稅款以及抵押、債券和銀行貸款等長期債務。
Limited Partnership: Limited partnerships pool the money of investors to develop or purchase income-producing properties. When the partnership subsequently receives income from these properties, it passes the income on to its investors as dividend payments.
有限合夥制: 有限合夥制向投資者集資以實現公司發展或用於購置收益性財產。當此類資產隨後為合夥公司帶來收入後，合夥公司會將收入以股息形式分配給投資者。
Liquidity: The ease with which an asset or security can be converted into cash without loss of principal.
變現力: 指在不虧折本金的前提下，將資產或證券轉換為現金的難易度。
Living Trust: A trust created by a person during his or her lifetime.
生前信託: 指個人在世時設立的信託。
Lump-Sum Distribution: The disbursement of the entire value of an employer-sponsored retirement plan, pension plan, annuity, or similar account to the account owner or beneficiary. Lump-sum distributions may be rolled over into another tax-deferred account.
一次分配: 指將贏利共享計劃、退休金計劃、年金或類似帳戶的全部價值分配給帳戶擁有人或受益人。一次分配可滾存到另一個延稅帳戶。

Marginal Tax Bracket: The range of taxable income that is taxable at a certain rate. Currently, there are six marginal tax brackets: 10 percent, 15 percent, 25 percent, 28 percent, 33 percent, and 35 percent.
邊際稅級: 指可按一定稅率課稅的應稅收入的範圍。目前有六種邊際稅級：10%、15%、25%、28%、33%和35%。
Marital Deduction: A provision of the tax codes that allows all assets of a deceased spouse to pass to the surviving spouse free of estate taxes. This provision is also referred to as the "unlimited marital deduction." The marital deduction may not apply in the case of noncitizens.
配偶扣除額: 這是一項稅法條款，允許將去世配偶的所有資產轉到在世配偶的名下，不必繳納遺產稅。此條款亦稱為無限配偶扣除額。
Money Market Fund: A mutual fund that specializes in investing in short-term securities and tries to maintain a constant net asset value of $1. Money-market funds are neither insured nor guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any government agency. Although money market funds seek to preserve the value of your investment at $1 per share, it is possible to lose money when investing in a money market fund.
貨幣市場基金: 指一種專門投資於短期證券，並使資產淨值保持為1美元的共同基金。
Municipal Bond: A debt security issued by municipalities. The income from municipal bonds is usually exempt from federal income taxes. It may also be exempt from state income taxes in the state in which the municipal bond is issued. Some municipal bond interest could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. If you sell a municipal bond at a profit, you could incur capital gains taxes. Bond funds are subject to the same inflation, interest-rate, and credit risks associated with their underlying bonds. As interest rates rise, bond prices typically fall, which can adversely affect a bond fund's performance. The principal value of bonds may fluctuate with market conditions. Bonds redeemed prior to maturity may be worth more or less than their original cost.
市政公債: 由市政當局發行的債務證券。市政公債的收入通常免繳聯邦所得稅。在很多州，市政公債還免繳發行所在州的州所得稅。
Municipal Bond Fund: A mutual fund that specializes in investing in municipal bonds. Bond funds are subject to the same inflation, interest-rate, and credit risks associated with their underlying bonds. As interest rates rise, bond prices typically fall, which can adversely affect a bond fund's performance.
市政公債基金: 指專門投資於市政公債的共同基金。
Mutual Fund: A collection of stocks, bonds, or other securities purchased and managed by an investment company with funds from a group of investors. Mutual funds are sold only by prospectus. Please consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses carefully before investing. The prospectus, which contains this and other information about the investment company, can be obtained from your financial professional. Be sure to read the prospectus carefully before deciding whether to invest.
共同基金: 投資公司用一群投資者的資金購買和管理的一組股票、債券或其他證券。

Net Asset Value: The per-share value of a mutual fund's current holdings. The net asset value is calculated by dividing the net market value of the fund's assets by the number of outstanding shares.
資產淨值: 指共同基金出售或贖回其股份的價格。資產淨值按基金資產的淨市值除以已發行股份數目計算。

Pooled Income Fund: A trust created by a charitable organization that combines the contributions of several donors and distributes income to those donors based on the earnings of the trust. The trust is managed by the charitable organization, and contributions are partially deductible for income tax purposes.
共同收入基金: 一種由慈善組織設立的信託，接受多名捐贈者的捐贈，然後根據信託的盈利狀況向捐贈者分配收入。此種信託由慈善組織管理，其捐贈可部份免繳所得稅。
Portfolio: All the investments held by an individual or a mutual fund.
投資組合: 個人或共同基金持有的所有投資。
Preferred Stock: A class of stock with claim to a company's earnings, before payment can be made on the common stock, and that is usually entitled to priority over common stock if the company liquidates. Generally, preferred stocks pay dividends at a fixed rate.
優先股: 指可在向普通股支付股息之前領取公司盈利的一類股票，如果公司清算，此類股票通常優先於普通股。一般而言，優先股的股息是固定的。
Prenuptial Agreement: A legal agreement arranged before marriage stating who owns property acquired before marriage and during marriage and how property will be divided in the event of divorce. ERISA benefits are not affected by prenuptial agreements.
婚前協議: 婚前達成的一種合法安排，其中說明哪一方在婚前和婚後擁有所購置的財產，以及離婚時怎樣分割財產。ERISA福利不受婚前協議的影響。
Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio): The market price of a stock divided by the company's annual earnings per share. Because the P/E ratio is a widely regarded yardstick for investors, it often appears with stock price quotations.
市價盈利比（或稱本益比）: 指股票市價除以公司一年的每股盈利。由於投資者普遍視本益比為衡量標準，因此本益比經常與股價同時報出。
Principal: In a security, the principal is the amount of money that is invested, excluding earnings. In a debt instrument such as a bond, it is the face amount.
本金: 就證券而言，本金指投入的資金數額，不計盈利。就債券等債務工具而言，本金即面額。
Probate: The court-supervised process in which a decedent's estate is settled and distributed.
遺囑檢驗: 在法院監督下，交割和分配死者遺產的過程。
Profit-Sharing Plan: An agreement under which employees share in the profits of their employer. The company makes annual contributions to the employees' accounts. These funds usually accumulate tax deferred until the employee retires or leaves the company.
贏利共享計劃: 指僱員與僱主分享贏利的協議。公司可每年向僱員的帳戶繳款。此類資金通常可累積延稅，直至僱員退休或離開公司。
Prospectus: A document provided by investment companies to prospective investors. The prospectus gives information needed by investors to make informed decisions prior to investing in a specific mutual fund, variable annuity, or variable universal life insurance. The prospectus includes information on the minimum investment amount, the investment company's objectives, past performance, risk level, sales charges, management fees, and any other expense information about the investment company, as well as a description of the services provided to investors in the investment company.
公開說明書: 共同基金公司向潛在投資者提供的一種文件。公開說明書向投資者提供必要的資訊，幫助他們在知悉有關情形之後作出決策，然後決定是否投資於特定的共同基金。公開說明書包含的資訊應當說明最低投資額、基金目標、以往表現、風險等級、銷售費、管理費、有關基金的任何其他支出資訊，並說明基金向投資者提供的服務。

Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO): At the time of divorce, this order would be issued by a state domestic relations court and would require that an employee's ERISA retirement plan accrued benefits be divided between the employee and the spouse.
合格家事命令(Qualified Domestic Relations Order，QDRO): 此命令由州家事法院在離婚時簽發，要求僱員與其配偶分割其ERISA退休計劃的應計福利。
Qualified Retirement Plan: A pension, profit-sharing, or qualified savings plan that is established by an employer for the benefit of the employees. These plans must be established in conformity with IRS rules. Contributions accumulate tax deferred until withdrawn and are deductible to the employer as a current business expense.
合格退休計劃: 指僱主以僱員為受益人而設立的退休金計劃、贏利分享計劃或合格的儲蓄計劃。這類計劃必須符合美國國稅局的規則。其繳款可累積延稅，直至提領，並可作為業主的當期業務支出而予扣除。

Revocable Trust: A trust in which the creator reserves the right to modify or terminate the trust.
可撤銷信託: 可由設立者修改或終止的信託。
Risk: The chance that an investor will lose all or part of an investment.
風險: 投資者損失全部或部份投資的機率。
Risk-Averse: Refers to the assumption that rational investors will choose the security with the least risk if they can maintain the same return. As the level of risk goes up, so must the expected return on the investment.
風險規避: 指一種假設，認為在報酬相同的情形下，理性的投資者會選擇風險最低的證券。當風險等級上升時，投資的預期報酬也必須隨之上升。
Rollover: A method by which an individual can transfer the assets from one retirement program to another without the recognition of income for tax purposes. The requirements for a rollover depend on the type of program from which the distribution is made and the type of program receiving the distribution.
滾存法: 個人將資產從一個退休計劃過戶到另一個退休計劃的方法，不必確認收入以繳納所得稅。滾存法的要求取決於資產撥出和撥入的退休計劃類別。
Roth IRA: A nondeductible IRA that allows tax-free withdrawals when certain conditions are met. Income and contribution limits apply.
羅斯個人退休帳戶 (Roth IRA): 這是一種不可扣除的個人退休帳戶，若符合若干條件，此帳戶允許免稅提領資金。此帳戶有收入和繳款限額。

Security: Evidence of an investment, either in direct ownership (as with stocks), creditorship (as with bonds), or indirect ownership (as with options).
證券: 投資憑證，包括直接所有權（例如股票）、債權（例如債券）或間接所有權（例如期權）。
Simplified Employee Pension Plan (SEP): A type of plan under which the employer contributes to an employee's IRA. Contributions may be made up to a certain limit and are immediately vested.
簡化僱員退休金計劃(SEP): 一種由僱主向僱員個人退休帳戶繳款的退休計劃。繳款金額不能超過限額，並可立即受領。
Single-Life Annuity: An insurance-based contract that provides future payments at regular intervals in exchange for current premiums. Generally used as a supplement to retirement income and pays over the life of one individual, usually the retiree, with no rights of payment to any survivor.
單生年金: 一種基於保險的合約，在繳納當期保費的前提下，此合約可在將來定期支付款項。單生年金一般用於補充退休收入，於個人（通常是退休者）在世期間支付，生存者無權領受付款。
Split-Dollar Plan: An arrangement under which two parties (usually a corporation and employee) share the cost of a life insurance policy and split the proceeds.
保費分擔計劃: 指兩方（通常為公司與僱員）分擔人壽保單的費用並分享理賠金的安排。
Spousal IRA: An IRA designed for a couple when one spouse has no earned income. The maximum combined contribution that can be made each year to and IRA and a spousal IRA is $10,000 in 2009 or 100 percent of earned income, whichever is less. The total may be split between the two IRAs as the couple wishes, provided that the contribution to either IRA does not exceed the maximum annual contribution limit ($5,000 in 2009).
配偶個人退休帳戶: 指在配偶一方沒有工薪收入時，為該配偶設立的個人退休帳戶。個人退休帳戶及配偶個人退休帳戶每年的最高繳款總額為6,000美元（2002至2004年）或所得收入的100%，以較低者為準。根據夫妻二人的選擇，該總額可在兩種個人退休帳戶之間分配，但每種個人退休帳戶的繳款金額不得超過3,000美元。

Tax Bracket: The range of taxable income that is taxed at a certain rate. Brackets are expressed by their marginal rate.
稅級: 指按一定稅率課稅的應稅收入的範圍。稅級按其邊際稅率表示。
Tax Credit: Tax credits, the most appealing type of tax deductions, are subtracted directly, dollar for dollar, from your income tax bill.
抵稅額: 抵稅額是最受歡迎的稅務減免，可直接從您的所得稅帳單直接實扣。
Tax Deferred: Interest, dividends, or capital gains that grow untaxed in certain accounts or plans until they are withdrawn.
延稅: 指某些帳戶或計劃中利息、股息或資本利得的增長不必納稅，直至提領。
Tax-Exempt Bonds: Under certain conditions, the interest from bonds issued by states, cities, and certain other government agencies is exempt from federal income taxes. In many states, the interest from tax-exempt bonds will also be exempt from state and local income taxes. If you sell a tax-exempt bond at a profit, you could incur capital gains taxes. Some tax-exempt bond interest could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. The principal value of bonds may fluctuate with market conditions. Bonds redeemed prior to maturity may be worth more or less than their original cost.
免稅債券: 在若干條件下，州政府、市政府及若干其他政府機構發行的債券，所獲利息可免繳聯邦所得稅。在很多州，免稅債券所獲利息亦可免繳州和地方所得稅。
Taxable Income: The amount of income used to compute tax liability. It is determined by subtracting adjustments, itemized deductions or the standard deduction, and personal exemptions from gross income.
應稅收入: 指計算稅責時使用的收入金額。應稅收入等於總收入減去調整額、逐項扣除額或標準扣除額以及個人免稅額。
Technical Analysis: An approach to investing in stocks in which a stock's past performance is mapped onto charts. These charts are examined to find familiar patterns to use as an indicator of the stock's future performance.
技術分析: 一種將股票過往表現製成圖表加以分析的股票投資方法。分析人員根據此類圖表找出類似的模式，作為股票未來表現的指針。
Tenancy in Common: A form of co-ownership. Upon the death of a co-owner, his or her interest passes to the designated beneficiaries and not to the surviving owner or owners.
分權共有制: 一種共有制形式。當一名共同所有人去世時，其權益將轉到其選擇的繼承人名下，而不屬於仍然在世的一名或多名所有人。
Term Insurance: Term life insurance provides a death benefit if the insured dies. Term insurance does not accumulate cash value and ends after a certain number of years or at a certain age.
定期壽險: 受保人去世時，定期壽險可提供死亡理賠金。定期壽險不累積現金值，並在若干年後或受保人屆滿某個年齡時終止。
Testamentary Trust: A trust established by a will that takes effect upon death.
遺囑信託: 一種根據遺囑設立的信託，在遺囑人去世時生效。
Testator: One who has made a will or who dies having left a will.
遺囑人: 立下遺屬者或去世後留下遺囑者。
Total Return: The total of all earnings from a given investment, including dividends, interest, and any capital gain.
總報酬: 既定投資所獲全部收入的總額，包括股息、利息及任何資本利得。
Trust: A legal entity created by an individual in which one person or institution holds the right to manage property or assets for the benefit of someone else. Types of trusts include: Testamentary Trust – A trust established by a will that takes effect upon death; Living Trust – A trust created by a person during his or her lifetime; Revocable Trust – A trust in which the creator reserves the right to modify or terminate the trust; Irrevocable Trust – A trust that may not be modified or terminated by the trustor after its creation
信託: 一種由個人設立的法律實體，該實體以其他人為受益人，而由個人或機構保有對財產或資產的管理權。信托的類別包括：遺囑信託 – 一種根據遺囑設立的信託，在遺囑人去世時生效；生前遺囑 – 個人在世時設立的信託；可撤銷信託 – 可由設立者修改或終止的信託；不可撤銷信託 – 設立之後不能由信託人修改或終止的信託。
Trustee: An individual or institution appointed to administer a trust for its beneficiaries.
受託人: 指由信託委任，代受益人管理信託的個人或機構。
Trustee-to-Trustee Transfer: A method of transferring retirement plan assets from one employer's plan to another employer plan or to an IRA. One benefit of this method is that no federal income tax will be withheld by the trustee of the first plan.
受託人直接過戶: 指將一個僱主計劃中的退休計劃資產過戶到另一個僱主計劃或個人退休帳戶的方法。這種方法的好處是原計劃的受託人不能從資產中扣除聯邦所得稅。

Universal Life Insurance: A type of life insurance that combines a death benefit with a savings element that accumulates tax deferred at current interest rates. Under a universal life insurance policy, the policyholder can increase or decrease his or her coverage, with limitations, without purchasing a new policy.
萬能壽險: 一種集死亡理賠金與儲蓄功能與一身的壽險類別，其中儲蓄功能可按當前利率累積延稅。根據萬能壽險保單，保單持有人可增減其保障範圍（有限制），不必購買新保單。

Variable Universal Life Insurance: A type of life insurance that combines a death benefit with an investment element that accumulates tax deferred. The account value can be allocated into a variety of investment subaccounts. The investment return and principal value of the variable subaccounts will fluctuate; thus, the policy's account value, and possibly the death benefit, will be determined by the performance of the chosen subaccounts and is not guaranteed. Withdrawals may be subject to surrender charges and are taxable if the account owner withdraws more than his or her basis in the policy. Policy loans or withdrawals will reduce the policy's cash value and death benefit and may require additional premium payments to keep the policy in force. There may also be additional fees and charges associated with a VUL policy.
投資型萬能壽險: 一種兼有死亡理賠金與儲蓄功能的壽險類別，其中儲蓄功能可按當前利率累積延稅。根據投資型萬能壽險的保單，保單的現金值可存入投資目標各不相同的多個子帳戶。保單持有人可視自己的需要，在子帳戶之間過戶資金。過戶達到若干次數後，則須繳納手續費。
Volatility: The range of price swings of a security or market over time.
波動: 指證券或市場在一段時間的價格起伏範圍。

Welfare Benefit Plan: An employee benefit plan that provides such benefits as medical, sickness, accident, disability, death, or unemployment benefits.
福利給付計劃: 一種提供醫療、疾病、意外、失能、死亡或失業福利的員工福利計劃。
Whole Life Insurance: A type of life insurance that offers a death benefit and also accumulates cash value tax deferred at fixed interest rates. Whole life insurance policies generally have a fixed annual premium that does not rise over the duration of the policy. Whole life insurance is also referred to as "ordinary" or "straight" life insurance. Policy loans will reduce the cash value by the amount of any outstanding loan balance plus interest.
終生壽險: 一種既提供死亡理賠金，又可累積現金值的壽險類別，其現金值可按固定利率延稅。終生壽險保單一般採取固定年保費，在保期內不會增長。終生壽險亦稱「普通」壽險或「正統」壽險。
Will: A legal document that declares a person's wishes concerning the disposition of property, the guardianship of his or her children, and the administration of the estate after his or her death.
遺囑: 一種法律文件，用於說明個人對於其去世後的財產處置、子女監護權及遺產管理的願望。

Yield: Generally, the yield is the amount of current income provided by an investment. For stocks, the yield is calculated by dividing the total of the annual dividends by the current price. For bonds, the yield is calculated by dividing the annual interest by the current price. The yield is distinguished from the return, which includes price appreciation or depreciation.
收益率: 一般而言，收益率指一項投資產生的當期收入金額。就股票而言，收益率按年股息總額除以當前價格計算。就債券而言，收益率按年利息額除以當前價格計算。收益率與報酬率不同，報酬率中包含價格漲跌。

Zero-Coupon Bond: This type of bond makes no periodic interest payments but instead is sold at a steep discount from its face value. Bondholders receive the face value of their bonds when they mature.
零息債券: 這類債券不會定期支付利息，而是在出售時對其面值做出大幅折扣。債券到期後，債券持有人可獲得債券的面值。